Vaginitis symptoms vary by type; correct diagnosis key to treatment
Vaginal itching, burning or unusual discharge may indicate vaginitis, but causes range from yeast infections to bacterial vaginosis. A doctor should diagnose the type, as similar symptoms require different treatments. Consult a gynaecologist if symptoms persist or recur.
Women experiencing vaginal itching, burning, unusual odour or increased discharge often suspect vaginitis, but the condition has multiple causes that require different treatments, according to Dr Cheung Hoi-ching, a specialist in obstetrics and gynaecology. Common types include yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and atrophic vaginitis. Dr Cheung warns that vaginal discomfort should not be diagnosed based on symptoms alone.
The vagina naturally contains bacteria and yeast that maintain a healthy microbial balance. Disruption of this balance can lead to vaginitis. Factors such as antibiotics, hormonal changes during pregnancy, breastfeeding or menopause, vaginal douching, spermicides and sexual activity may affect this balance, Dr Cheung explains.
Symptoms vary by type. Yeast infections commonly cause itching and burning around the vulva with thick, white discharge. Bacterial vaginosis may cause increased discharge and a noticeable fishy odour. Trichomoniasis can produce yellow-grey or green discharge, unusual odour, burning, irritation and redness. Atrophic vaginitis, associated with reduced hormone levels, may cause vaginal dryness, itching, burning and pain during sexual intercourse.
Using medication intended for a yeast infection when another condition is responsible may delay correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Dr Cheung cautions. A doctor will assess symptoms and may take a sample of vaginal discharge for testing to identify the underlying cause.
If symptoms do not improve after treatment or keep returning, further assessment by a gynaecologist is recommended. To reduce unnecessary irritation, Dr Cheung advises avoiding feminine sprays, scented hygiene products and vaginal douching. The vulva can generally be cleaned with water, as soaps and cleansing products may affect the normal microbial balance.
Vaginitis is common, but vaginal itching, unusual odour and changes in discharge can have different causes. Dr Cheung emphasises that identifying the underlying cause is important for appropriate management. If symptoms persist, recur or occur for the first time, consult a gynaecologist for professional assessment.